The learning challenges experienced by Winston students may include one or more of the following due to comorbidity:
ADHD, difficulties in paying attention. Limited attention and concentration affects many aspects of the learning.
Anxiety, excessive and persistent worry that interferes with academic and social functioning.
Central Auditory Processing, shown by the inability to make sense of information taken in by hearing. An auditory processing disorder is not a hearing loss.
Decoding, manifested by difficulties in knowing and using the rules to sound out unfamiliar words.
Dyscalculia, difficulties in understanding numbers and math.
Dysgraphia, an impairment in letter writing which can affect spelling. Lack of fine-motor skills will affect the physical nature of writing.
Dyslexia, difficulty in reading as a result of challenges in identifying sounds and how those sounds relate to letters and words.
Encoding, opposite from decoding, difficulty pulling apart the sounds within a word in order to spell correctly.
Executive Functioning, weaknesses in organizing thoughts and activities, prioritizing tasks, managing time efficiently, and making decisions.
Fluency, an inability to read with accuracy, speed, and proper expression.
Phonological Awareness, difficulty in blending, segmenting, and isolating words and non-words.
Processing Speed, related to problems focusing and quickly discriminating information to problem solve.
Reading Comprehension, difficulty in processing and understanding the meaning of text.
Receptive/Expressive Language, difficulty understanding spoken or written language (receptive) and sharing thoughts and ideas orally or in writing (expressive). ADHD is comorbid.
Verbal Processing, manifested by difficulties with spoken and written information.
Visual Processing, difficulty in taking in information through the eyes. A visual processing disorder affects students with spatial information, especially geometric figures.
Working Memory, inability to hold and manipulate information on a temporary basis.
Written Expression, difficulties with the conceptual aspects of writing that include writing processes and style. Executive functioning weaknesses may affect written expression.